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Artificial Intelligence and Information Warfare in the 2023–2025 Gaza Conflict: A Middle Eastern Perspective

Authors

Suzanna AL-Sahel

Rubric:Political science
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Annotation

The Middle East remains highly volatile, particularly in Gaza, where repeated violations of ceasefire agreements between Hamas and the Israel Defense Forces have caused substantial civilian casualties. The arrival of the new U.S. administration, with plans to expand military assistance to Israel, has intensified regional tensions. Concurrently, AI-enabled weapons and an intensified information war, including deepfakes and other digitally manipulated content, have exacerbated destruction and civilian harm. This study examines these developments, highlighting the intersection of AI, information warfare, and traditional conflict dynamics, and explores their implications for international humanitarian law and conflict governance.

Keywords

Gaza Strip; ceasefire agreements; Middle East; AI-enabled weapons; information warfare; deepfakes; ICT.

Authors

Suzanna AL-Sahel

References:

Abraham, Y. (2025). Israel developing ChatGPT-like tool that weaponizes surveillance of Palestinians. +972 Magazine. https://www.972mag.com/israel-chatgpt-surveillance/

AL-Yaum AL-Saabeh. (2023). Palestinian civil defense: Israel commits massacres in the Gaza Strip. https://www.alyaumalsabaeh.com/article/palestinian-civil-defense-israel-commits-massacres

Dover, R. (2024). Gaza is now the frontline of a global information war. The Conversation. https://www.theconversation.com/gaza-global-information-war

Gilbert, D. (2023). The UN hired an AI company to untangle the Israeli-Palestinian crisis. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/un-ai-israeli-palestinian-crisis/

Securitylab.ru. (2023). Death factory: Israel's Gospel AI system raises concerns for human rights defenders. https://www.securitylab.ru/news/541234.php

Titi, E. (2023). Artificial intelligence in the service of the occupation army! AL-Quds Al-Arabi. https://www.alquds.co.uk/الذكاء-الاصطناعي-في-خدمة-جيش-الاحتلال/

Tkachuk, A. (2023). There is a horned discourse: How fakes about the Palestinian-Israeli conflict are being replicated in the Western media. Абзац. https://www.abza.media/horned-discourse-palestinian-israe

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