Artificial Intelligence and Information Warfare in the 2023–2025 Gaza Conflict: A Middle Eastern Perspective
Authors
Suzanna AL-Sahel

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Annotation
The Middle East remains highly volatile, particularly in Gaza, where repeated violations of ceasefire agreements between Hamas and the Israel Defense Forces have caused substantial civilian casualties. The arrival of the new U.S. administration, with plans to expand military assistance to Israel, has intensified regional tensions. Concurrently, AI-enabled weapons and an intensified information war, including deepfakes and other digitally manipulated content, have exacerbated destruction and civilian harm. This study examines these developments, highlighting the intersection of AI, information warfare, and traditional conflict dynamics, and explores their implications for international humanitarian law and conflict governance.
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Authors
Suzanna AL-Sahel

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References:
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