THEORY OF THE EXPANDING EARTH ON THE SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF ENERGY AND MATTER SOURCES
Authors
Murad Zinaliyev
Share
Annotation
Mathematical models and estimates of the Earth's size and mass, intended to discredit the theory of a planet growing in both diameter and mass, prove untenable when faced with geological experimental data. However, the main reason why the theory of plate tectonics continues to dominate in geology is the challenge of identifying a mechanism that would enable planetary growth.
The idea of the existence of an ether, the flow of which is pushing matter toward the planet’s center, while aimed at addressing the generation of matter and energy at the Earth's core, falls short in several respects. It fails to answer simple questions such as, 'What force attracts ether to the center of celestial bodies?', 'Where is the source of ether?', 'Why has the ether flow not been exhausted after 14 billion years of the Universe’s existence?', 'What is the mechanism of ether transformation into baryonic matter with energy release?', 'What energy source sustains the continuous excited state of ether particles?', 'What constitutes ether matter in its unexcited state?' Furthermore, this concept lacks experimental support, as demonstrated by direct measurements of space 'graininess’ (quantization) (ESA, 2011).
Proponents of the idea that a fragment of a neutron star exists at the Earth’s core should understand that a neutron star is a hypothetical object, which exists in astrophysicists' imagination due to a mathematical model that corresponds to the properties of certain celestial bodies. According to this same model, a separate fragment of neutron matter is unstable, disintegrating explosively within 10 minutes of separation from the main mass.
Nevertheless, the principle of conservation of matter and energy, while experimentally validated through the laws of conservation of energy, momentum, angular momentum, electric charge, etc., is not absolute. This circumstance, combined with astrophysical observational data, points to the existence of sources of energy and matter within the interiors of celestial bodies that are unknown to current science.
Keywords
Authors
Murad Zinaliyev
Share
References:
Anderson, J. F., Hall-Martin A., Russell D. A. (1985) Long Bone Circumference and Weight in mammals, birds, and dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 207 (1), 53-61. Retrieved from https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1985.tb04915.x
Blinov, V.F. (2003) Growing Earth: From Planets to Stars (In Russ.). Moscow: Editorial URSS.
Burundukov, A.S., Drozdov, A.L. (2015) Giant reptiles – a paleontological challenge to interdisciplinary synthesis. Biota and Environment of the Far Eastern Reserves (In Russ.), 5, 93–112. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/11ShkTsRQZEc99MeqdgB9SOYpXf1v_hGY/view
Carey, S.W. (1991) In Search of Patterns in the Development of Earth and the Universe: A History of Earth Science Doctrines (In Russ.). Moscow: Mir.
CERN. (2013, April 3). AMS Experiment Measures Antimatter Excess in Space. Retrieved from https://home.cern/news/press-release/cern/ams-experiment-measures-antimatter-excess-space
Cherepovsky, A.V. (2020, July 9) Earth Expansion or the Russian View on the Geological History of the Planet (In Russ.). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_TRixMg49k&t=572s
Christiansen, P., Farina, R., (2004). Mass Prediction in Theropod Dinosaurs. Historical Biology, 16(2-4), 85–92. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08912960412331284313
Deep Carbon Observatory. (2019) Rewriting the Textbook on Fossil Fuels: New Technologies Help Unravel Nature’s Methane Recipes. Phys.org. Retrieved from https://phys.org/news/2019-04-rewriting-textbook-fossil-fuels-technologies.html
Earth Observatory. (2004, March 30). Gravity Anomaly Maps and The Geoid. Retrieved from https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GRACE/page3.php
ESA. (2016 June 03). Illustration showing Earth's magnetic field. Retrieved from https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2016/06/Illustration_showing_Earth_s_magnetic_field
ESA (2011, June 30). Integral Challenges Physics Beyond Einstein. Retrieved from https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Integral_challenges_physics_beyond_Einstein
ESA. (2005, September 14). Looking "underneath" the quasar HE0450-2958. Retrieved from https://esahubble.org/images/heic0511b/
Erickson, G.M., Makovicky, P.J., Currie, P.J., Norell, M.A., Yerby, S.A., Brochu, C.A. (2004). Gigantism and Comparative Life-History Parameters of Tyrannosaurid Dinosaurs. Nature, 430(7001), 772–775. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15306807/
Farlow, J.O., Smith, M.B., Robinson, J.M. (1995). Body mass, bone “strength indicator,” and cursorial potential of Tyrannosaurus rex, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15(4), 713–725. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1995.10011257
Furaha tenVelde, P. (1997). The Wild Elephants of the Royal Bardia National Park, Nepal. Gajah: Journal of the IUCN/SSC Asian Elephant Specialist Group, 17, 41–44. Retrieved from https://www.asesg.org/PDFfiles/Gajah/17-41-tenVelde.pdf
Gennadiev, A.N., Gerasimova, M.I., Patsukevich, Z.V. (1987). Soil formation rate and permissible soil erosion rates (In Russ.). Bulletin of Moscow University. 3, 31-36. Retrieved from https://ru-ecology.info/term/52632/?ysclid=m2xcrvme89396219476
Hone, D. (2017). Chronicles of the Tyrannosaur. Biology and Evolution of the World’s Most Famous Predator (In Russ.). Moscow: Alpina Non-Fiction.
Husson, D., Galbrun, B., Laskar, J., Hinnov, L. A., Thibault, N., Gardin, S., & Locklair, R. E. (2011). Astronomical Calibration of the Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 305(3), 328–340. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X1100152X
Hutchinson, J. R., Schwerda, D., Famini, D. J., Dale, R. H., Fischer, M. S., Kram, R. (2006). The locomotor kinematics of Asian and African elephants: changes with speed and size. Journal of Experimental Biology, 209(19), 3812–3827. Retrieved from https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/209/19/3812/16362/The-locomotor-kinematics-of-Asian-and-African
Hutchinson, J.R, Garcia M. (2002). Tyrannosaurus Was Not a Fast Runner. Nature, 415(6875), 1018–1021. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/4151018a
Hutchinson, J.R. (2004). Biomechanical Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of Bipedal Running Ability. II. Extinct Taxa. Journal of Morphology, 262(1), 441–461. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.10240
Koronovsky, N.V. (2001). Isostasy (In Russ.). Soros Educational Journal, 7(11), 73–78. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20050817034058/http://journal.issep.rssi.ru/articles/pdf/0111_073.pdf
Kutcherov, V.G. (2013). Abiogenic Deep Origin of Hydrocarbons and Oil and Gas Deposits Formation. EBOOK. Retrieved from https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/41889
Lamanna, M.C. et al. (2014). A New Large-Bodied Oviraptorosaurian Theropod Dinosaur from the Latest Cretaceous of Western North America. PLoS ONE, 9(3), e92022. Retrieved from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0092022
Larin, V.N. (2005). Our Earth (origin, composition, structure and development of the originally hydride Earth) (In Russ.). M. "Agar".
McNeill, A.R. (1985). Mechanics of Posture and Gait of Some Large Dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 83, 1–25. Retrieved from https://scite.ai/reports/mechanics-of-posture-and-gait-WY50xO
Guido, E. (2022, March 22) New Comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF) may reach mag. +6 in Feb. 2023. Retrieved from https://www.cobs.si/news/archive/new-comet-c2022-e3-ztf-may-reach-mag-6-in-feb-2023/
Pechersky, D.M. (1985). Petromagnetism and Paleomagnetism: A Reference Guide for Specialists from Related Fields of Science (In Russ.). Moscow: Nauka.
Pillai, N.G. (1941). On the Height and Age of an Elephant. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 42, 927–928. Retrieved from https://zenodo.org/records/13658398
Ponomarev, L.I. (1989). Under the Sign of Quantum (In Russ.). Moscow: Nauka.
Pourovskii, L.V. et al. (2017). Electron–Electron Scattering and Thermal Conductivity of Epsilon-Iron at Earth’s Core Conditions. New Journal of Physics, 19, 073022. Retrieved from https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/aa76c9
Protasov, V.Yu. (2023). Geometry of the Starry Sky (In Russ.). Kvant, 2. Retrieved from https://elementy.ru/nauchno-populyarnaya_biblioteka/431102/Geometriya_zvezdnogo_neba
Pushcharovsky, Yu.M., Pushcharovsky, D.Yu. (2010). Geology of the Earth’s Mantle (In Russ.). Moscow: GEOS,
Seebacher, F. (2001) A New Method to Calculate Allometric Length-Mass Relationships of Dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 21(1), 51–60. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1995.10011257
Sellers, W.I., and Manning, P.L. (2007). Estimating Dinosaur Maximum Running Speeds Using Evolutionary Robotics.. Proc. of The Royal Society B,, 274(1626), 2711–2716. Retrieved from https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2007.0846
Shoshani, J.; Eisenberg, J. F. (1982). “Elephas maximus.” Mammalian Species, 182, 1–8. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article/doi/10.2307/3504045/2600564
Smolin, L. (2006) The Trouble with Physics: The Rise of String Theory, the Fall of a Science, and What Comes Next. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
Susskind, L. (2015) The Cosmic Landscape: String Theory and the Illusion of Intelligent Design (In Russ.). St. Petersburg: Piter.
Tarduno, J. et al. (2015) Ancient Roots of Earth's Magnetism. Nature, 524(9), 521–524. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/524009c
Verkhovanov, O.V. (2020). Approaching the Unknown in Cosmology (In Russ.). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IXsXDdbNcAI&list=PL1R6z4Sx8hQov7RFJVXszkcBQbqaQyG0x&index=4
Veselovsky, I.N. (1961) Aristarchus of Samos - Copernicus of the Ancient World (In Russ.). HAJ.
NCEI. (2023, December 31). World Magnetic Model (WMM), Retrieved from https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/world-magnetic-model
Weinberg, S. (1989) The Cosmological Constant Problem (In Russ.). Physics-Uspekhi, Series: Physics of Our Days, 158(4), 639–678. Retrieved from https://ufn.ru/ru/articles/1989/8/d/?ysclid=m2xiw34w7s176133368
Wikipedia (2023, April 24). Dynamo Theory. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_theory
Wikipedia (2024 September 17).Galactic Center. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_Center
Wikipedia (2024 April 24). GRACE and GRACE-FO. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRACE_and_GRACE-FO
Wikipedia (2024, October 21). Quasar. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar
Wikipedia (2023, April 24). Snow Line (Astronomy) (In Russ.). Retrieved from https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F
Zinaliev, M. (2021, September 18) Why Quantum Field Theory Is Inconsistent? (In Russ.). Retrieved from https://sites.google.com/view/fizikavremeni/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0?authuser=0
Zinaliev, M. (2017). On Solving the Paleontological Paradox. The European Journal of Technical and Natural Sciences. 5, 15-37. Retrieved from https://ppublishing.org/media/uploads/journals/journal/EJT_5_2017.pdf
Zook, H. A. (2001). Spacecraft Measurements of the Cosmic Dust Flux. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-8694-8_5
Other articles of the issue
