HNSCC: Differential Gene Expression in Primary versus Recurrent Tumors

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, also known as HNSCC, is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Between now and 2030, new cases are anticipated to increase by 30%, totalling approximately 1.08 million new cases annually. Generally, all tumors that originate in the mucosal epithelium lining of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and sinonasal tract are considered part of HNSCC. Most HNSCCs in the oral cavity and larynx develop due to abusive alcohol and tobacco consumption, whereas development of HNSCCs in the pharynx seems connected to human papillomavirus (HPV). Due to the consumption of carcinogen products, such as the areca nut, which local people tend to chew, HNSCC is most prevalent in South Asia and Australia. It is also very prevalent in the United States and Europe due to higher infection rates of HPV. Additionally, HNSCC is known for its genetic instability, needing multiple genetic transformations to occur, which is what this study will focus on.