Phytochemical profile and pharmacological activities of Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes: bioactive compounds and mechanisms of action- a review
Authors
Gaston N. Bishikwabo, Adrien Byamungu Ndeko, Ange B. Ilangala, Dorothée T. Dinangayi, Patrick Memvanga Bondo
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The cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (L) are particularly rich in bioactive compounds, which have attracted increasing pharmacological interest. The objective of this review is to provide an updated synthesis of scientific knowledge on the phytochemical composition of O. ficus-indica cladodes, while highlighting their experimentally validated biological activities in vitro and in vivo, as well as the associated mechanisms of action. The reviewed studies reveal a wide diversity of secondary metabolites, including polyphenols, alkaloids, polysaccharides (mucilages and pectins), phytosterols and fatty acids, as well as vitamins and minerals. These constituents are responsible for a range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, wound-healing, and anticancer effects. The underlying mechanisms of action involve the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, inhibition of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and cellular protection against oxidative stress. Consequently, O. ficus-indica cladodes emerge as a promising botanical source for the development of novel therapeutic and nutraceutical products. Nevertheless, more comprehensive clinical investigations are required to substantiate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of cladode extracts.
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Authors
Gaston N. Bishikwabo, Adrien Byamungu Ndeko, Ange B. Ilangala, Dorothée T. Dinangayi, Patrick Memvanga Bondo
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References:
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