Analysis of mineral composition by X-ray fluorescence and in vitro anti-amylase activity of extracts of Aframomum melegueta K. Schum, Curcuma longa L., and Piper guineense Schumach. & Thonn.
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Mayele Masasi Blanchard, Mbemba Fundu Théophile, Mosango Mbokuyo David, Mubwele Armandine, Kibul Mimpur Jolie
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The objective of this study was to highlight the mineral composition of Aframomum melegueta, Curcuma longa, and Piper guineense and to evaluate the anti-amylase activity of plant extracts from these plant species. The mineral composition was determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). This method allows for rapid and accurate identification of the elements present. The extracts of these species were also tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit amylase, a key enzyme in starch digestion and blood sugar regulation. Several essential minerals were found in the species analysed: potassium, calcium and iron, with varying concentrations depending on the plant. The XRF spectra reveal the elemental composition of three extracts from the species studied. These elements are potassium, iron, zinc and rubidium. These are present in all the samples analysed, confirming a similar mineral base. The most pronounced anti-amylase activity was observed with Curcuma longa extract, followed by Piper guineense and Aframomum melegueta extracts. The various properties observed justify the traditional use of these plants in diabetes management and reinforce their potential as nutraceutical ingredients. The plants studied were found to inhibit the activity of the enzyme α-amylase, which is essential for the intestinal absorption of glucose. This action, therefore, helps to regulate glucose absorption, improve insulin sensitivity, and maintain optimal functioning of pancreatic β cells. The use of these plants may be a wise choice among the strategies for combating diabetes, namely phytotherapy.
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Mayele Masasi Blanchard, Mbemba Fundu Théophile, Mosango Mbokuyo David, Mubwele Armandine, Kibul Mimpur Jolie
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