THE RUBAB IN EASTERN MUSICAL PERFORMANCE AND ITS VARIOUS FORMS AND TYPES

This article explores the rubab, an ancient Persian string instrument, widely spread in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and India. Based on historical sources from the 7th century, the rubab is considered the traditional instrument of Khorasan and holds a central place in Afghan classical and folk music. Various types of rubab (Afghan, Uzbek, Kashgar, Pamir, Tajik) are examined in terms of their construction, performance techniques, and regional differences in timbre. The study highlights the role of rubab in folk celebrations, professional ensembles, and its revival in modern performance practice, particularly in Uzbekistan. The conclusion emphasizes rubab as both a musical instrument and a cultural symbol of Eastern peoples.