AN ANALYSIS OF A HALF-CENTURY SCIENTIFIC PAPERS ON LEONURUS L. GENUS IS STUDIED IN THE WORLD: A REVIEW OF PAPERS FROM THE SCOPUS DATABASE

In this article the review of papers of the Leonurus L. genus in the Scopus database for a half century, that is, from 1968 to 2023 is analyzed. For 55 years, 183 articles were published by 160 authors from 36 countries on the genus Leonurus L. and its promising species. About the species belonging to the genus Leonurus L., very few articles were published between 1968–2002, and between 2003–2008, 2–5 articles were published per year. During the years 2009–2023, 163 articles were published about the Leonurus genus


Introduction
This family is one of the largest and most distinctive families of flowering plants, with about 220 genera and almost 4000 species worldwide.The last taxonomic revision of the Lamiaceae family was published in 2004 (Harley & et al., 2004).One of the families rich in medicinal, aromatic and essential oil Section 1. Biology plants in the flora of Uzbekistan is the family of mints (Labiatae Juss.; Lamiaceae Lindley), which consists of 3,500 species belonging to 200 genera worldwide.There are 464 species belonging to 53 genera in the flora of Central Asia.41 genera and 206 species of plants belonging to this family grow in the flora of Uzbekistan (Arabova, 2019).According to a recent classification of flowering plants, the family is divided into 12 subfamilies (Li & Olmstead, 2017) and consists of 236 genera and 7203 species.Of those, 3675 species from 105 genera (more than 50% of the Lamiaceae family) belong to the subfamily Nepetoideae (Brahmi & et al., 2017).Plant species from the Lamiaceae The genus Leonurus L. (subfamily: Lamioideae) comprises 25 species (Huang & et al, 2015), and four of them are reported in Central Asia (Tulaganova, 1987).Representatives of Lamioideae are characterized by the presence of iridoid glycosides and a lower essential oil content (Erdtman, 1945).Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) is a plant species belonging to the order Lamíales, labia families -Labiatae.Folk names are: goose foot, lion's tail, lion's heart, wolf's foot.Motherwort is a perennial, i. e., a perennial plant that grows to approx.150 cm in height.Branched stems grow from a short horizontal rhizome, which are roughly hairy, four-angular, furrowed, red-purple in color, hollow inside.Serrated leaves with long petioles are located opposite.The top part of the leaf is dark green, while the underside is lighter, both sides are covered with hairs (Medical College, The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland. 2021).Plants belonging to the genus Leonurus, also named motherwort, are traditionally used for anti-gynecological disorders in East Asia, and for sedatives in Europe.Chemical investigation of the genus Leonurus not only enriched the natural products library, but also enlarged the pharmacological application of this traditional herb (Zhang & et al., 2018).Leonurin increases the maturation of oocytes of largehorned cattle and the subsequent embryonic development for the reduction of oxidative stress and the increase of mitochondrial function.According to the results of scientific research conducted by Ara Tachjian and others (2010), Motherwort has a long history of use in both European and Asian tradition-al medicine because of its purported sedative and antispasmodic properties.Traditionally, it has been used for "cardiac debility," tachycardia, anxiety, insomnia, and amenorrhea.It is also used as a hypotensive and a diuretic.When administered intravenously, motherwort reduces platelets aggregation and fibrinogen levels.It potentiates antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects and increases the risk of bleeding.Taken with benzodiazepines, motherwort can have a synergistic sedative effect and may result in coma (Tachjian & et al., 2010).
Many types of the genus Leonurus L. (sem.Lamiaceae) have medicinal properties: in European medicine, the herb Leonurus cardiaca L. (cardiac pustyrnica) is used for nerve and heart pain, rasstroystvax pishchevarenia, amenorrhoea, and also externally (Wojtyniak, & et al., 2012).In modern medicine, preparations of the herb pustyrnika are taken as a neuro -and cardioprotective agent, the action of which is provided by a rich composition of biologically active substances (Ritter & et al., 2010;Rastogi & et al, 2016).Analogous action on the cardiovascular system is noted for the plant of Chinese folk medicine Leonurus japonicus Houtt (Zhao, et al., 2011).The plant of Mongolian folk medicine -Leonurus sibiricus L. -is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (Schmidt & et al, 2013), on takje obladaet antibacterial activity (Ahmed & et al, 2006).As a traditional medicine, the aerial parts of Leonurus japonicus Houtt.(Lamiaceae), aka motherwort, have been extensively used to treat gynecological diseases.The current study was designed to investigate the longevity properties of the methanolic extract of L. japonicus (MLJ) using Caenorhabditis elegans model system (Yang & et al., 2016).
Herba Leonuri, also named Chinese Motherwort, has been extensively investigated as an effective agent on the uterus system.Our group has been studying the natural products of Herba Leonuri for several years, and during this period, many biological activities of the drug were recognized.Leonurine (4-guanidino-Nbutyl-syringate) is an alkaloid present in Herba Leonuri.Recently, growing evidence has highlighted the therapeutic potential of leonurine in multiple diseases, especially cardiovascular.In this review, we discuss the biological activ-ities of leonurine, also latest improvements including this alkaloid (Zhao & et al., 2022).Leonurus japonicus Houtt.(Motherwort) is the fresh or dried aerial part of Leonurus japonicus Houtt.(Labiaceae), which is widely used in clinical practice and daily life, used to treat gynecological diseases.However, the differences between different parts, single index component in Pharmacopoeias and the less stability of active ingredients affect its clinical efficacy.This study aimed to find the multi-active compounds between different parts of Motherwort to ensure its clinical efficacy, which related to stability and had pharmacokinetic behavior.Firstly, HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to analyze the components in vitro and in vivo, as well as multivariate statistical analysis and network pharmacology analysis was conducted to find the significant different components related to activity.Secondly, the content determination methods were established to study the stability of effective components during storage in order to establish the content limit for quality control of Motherwort.Thirdly, UFLC-MS/ MS was used to analyze the pharmacokinetic behavior of active components in Motherwort.The results showed that a total of 131 chemical constituents were identified in vitro and 21 prototype absorption compounds and 72 metabolites were found in vivo.Meantime, multivariate statistical analysis and network pharmacology analysis was combined to find that leonurine, stachydrine and trigonelline were activity-related substance, which could be used as active components related to pharmacodynamics in different parts.Then the stability variation trend and content limit of three alkaloids were found, which could be used for the quality control of Motherwort.Furthermore, the results showed that three alkaloids had pharmacokinetic behavior in vivo.3 alkaloids were screened, which could be used as active components most closely related to pharmacodynamics among different parts.The stable stage, assay tolerance and pharmacokinetic characteristics were studied by the active substances, which could provide a basis for quality control and clinical medication of Motherwort (Zhao & et al., 2022).

Methods
In this article, we went to the selection of publications on world-wide known researches.The search collects academic literature in English and Russian languages retrieved from the Scopus database for the period of 1968-2023.199 materials were downloaded from the Scopus database on 9.11.2023.184 of them were in English, and the remaining 15 were in Russian.We have removed 2 identical articles (deduplication) and removed sources that are not related to our topic.That is, 15 English articles about the plant Leonotis Leonurus, Leonurus and Leonotis are completely different genera, Leonurus L series is the topic we are going to analyze.Also, 1 Russian source was removed (deduplication).As a result, we processed 183 publications.In the next step, articles were categorized according to year of publication.A data base of all peer-reviewed papers was then created, including the year of publication, authors' names, countries, publication type, journal name, number of citations per paper, the number of citations per journal, the percentage of publications by the topic cluster name and subject area.The analysis was performed using CSV file, Microsoft Excel 2021, RIS, VOS viewer.Figure 1 shows the flow of the selected methodology for the research.The reasons for our use of the methods mentioned above are related to Scopus, a wellknown database that collects authoritative literature from around the world, especially on irrigation and drainage systems.English is a universal language, therefore, the literature in English is more standard and meaningful than literature in other languages.

Figure 2. Number of papers on Leonurus genus by the year of publication issues in the world
European Science Review 2024, No 3-4.

Journals on Leonurus genus
A wide range of journals in various parts of the world are used by scholars to publish their research.The communication patterns of the scholars specify that the total output was distributed across 144 journals published in 36 countries.Among them, 9 magazines published the results of scientific research in Russian.During these years, 157 (100%) articles were published in 144 journals, of which 15.29% of articles were published in 12 top journals (Figure 4) and remaining 84.71% of papers were published in other journals (Figure 4).3), Kardiologija V Belarusi (3), Acta Horticulturae (2) (Figure 4).In addition, among these top magazines, there are 2 magazines that published articles in Russian, which accounted for 25% of the total publication (compared to 12 magazines).

Authors and their affiliated country
Our research revealed that 160 authors from 36 countries conducted research on Leonurus genus during 1968-2023.Figure 5 analyzes the results of scientific research of 12 authors who published the most articles.

Figure 5. Top autors on Leonurus genus by the year of publication issues in the world
Regarding top-cited articles on motherwort, the article by Ara Tachjian, Viqar Maria and Arshad Jahangir took the first place with 316 (compared to 9.11.2023)cytiruemia, Elizabeth A. Mazzio and Karam F. A. Soliman's In vitro screening for the tumoricidal properties of international medicinal herbs article is on the 2 nd place with 130 cytiruemia, Xiaofei Shang, Hu Pan, Xuezhi Wang, Hua He, Maoxing Li's Leonurus japonicus Houtt: Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine is on the 3 rd place with 106 cytiruemia is standing.Table 1 shows the top 10 articles and their authors.7).
When we analyzed the published articles by subject, it was found that articles were published in 22 areas.Top 6 most published articles in the field of knowledge.The major-ity of articles were published in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Medicine, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science.have been considered as prolific countries.Figure 8 shows the top 10 countries that published the most 163 (100% of top 10 countries) articles, including China (74; 45.40%), Russian Federation (27; 16.54%), United States (11; 6.75%), South Korea (9; 5.52%), Iran (7; 4.29%), Germany (6; 3.68%), Lithuania (6; 3.68%), United Kingdom (6; 3.68%), and Australia (5; 3.06%) took the last place.In recent years, the increased interest in the species of the genus Leonurus shows that this genus has important medicinal species.157 articles were published in 144 scientific journals.For 55 years, the Journal Of Ethnopharmacology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, and Frontiers In Pharmacology have been the top 3 publications on the plant species of the genus Leonurus.When we analyzed the top-cited articles on motherwort, the article by Ara Tachjian, Viqar Maria and Arshad Jahangir had 316 cytiruemic cases compared to November 9 and 327 cytiruemic cases compared to December 15.In addition, Elizabeth A Mazzio and Karam F A Soliman's article In vitro screening for the tumoricidal properties of international medicinal herbs and Xiaofei Shang, Hu Pan, Xuezhi Wang, Hua He, Maoxing Li Leonurus japonicus Houtt.: Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an It was noted that they occupied 2--3 places with the article "Important traditional Chinese medicine".160 authors who studied dragonflies in various directions were identified.Research on Leonurus genus had been published in 36 countries around the world.Countries which published 183 research papers in last 55 years  have been considered as prolific countries.
According to the results of the analysis, the Chinese state is in the first place in terms of funding sponsor, publication of articles.It is followed by Russian Federation (27; 16.54%), United States (11; 6.75%), South Korea (9; 5.52%), Iran (7; 4.29%), Germany (6; 3.68%), Lithuania (6; 3.68%), United Kingdom (6; 3.68%), and Australia (5; 3.06%) are the countries with top publications in terms of number of articles.A comprehensive analysis of 55 years of scientific articles published in the Scopus database shows that species of the genus Leonurus are important plants, and we believe that scientific research on them will increase in the next decade.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Flowchart of the methodology

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Top journals on Leonurus genus by the year of publication issues in the world

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. Top funding sponsors on Leonurus genus issues in the world

Figure 8 .
Figure 8. List of top countries on Leonurus genus matters around the world

Table 1 .
List of the Top-cited articles on motherwort